Social Studies Csec Study Guide free essay sample

Traditionally, marriage has been seen as the ideal environment in which sexual relations can occur. Visiting relationships 1 Who did Jean Roberts marry? 2 Name two of Bryan and Michelle Roberts’ grandchildren. 3 What is David Ramsey’s relationship to Sarah Booth? 4 Who are Sarah Booth’s cousins? LE Monogamy and polygamy Monogamy is a form of marriage in which a person has only one wife or husband at one time. In polygamy, a person may have more than one wife or husband at the same time. Polygyny is where a man has more than one wife, and polyandry is where a woman has more than one husband. If a thing is marginalised, it has moved from a more central position out to the edges. When we talk of the marginalisation of males, we are referring to situations where males are much less dominant or central than they once were. Women today are frequently joint breadwinners and so the family is less dependent on the male for meeting its needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Csec Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Females have been taking up and succeeding in education at ever-increasing rates and are found in many types of work that were once the place for males only. For many men, there is a sense that their place in family and society has become much less certain or secure. Prepare a presentation for youth group leaders in your local community that outlines a strategy for helping male youths to adopt a positive male identity. Your presentation should brie? y describe the changing roles in Caribbean families and the effects of these. Role con? ict EXAM TIP Be aware of the notion that women have generally bene? ted fro m the changes in traditio nal roles while some men struggle to make the necessary adjustments. LE Role con? ict is usually applied to the situation where the ability to perform one role is hindered by the need to perform another role at the same time.

The Settler’s Impact Essay

The Settler’s Impact Essay The Settler’s Impact Essay From the beginning the affect the Europeans had settling in the Americas, was known. Although they didn’t have the best of starts, they still managed to create settlements along the coast and eventually entire provinces. Their beginnings were rough with the Native Americans, but they soon learned to live amongst each other and learn each others tricks to survival. The affect the settlers had was nearly immediate and occasionally tragic as the settlers brought with them diseases, advanced weaponry, and in some places, a sense of entitlement to the land. Disease was one of -if not the largest- issue that the Natives had to face. European settlers carried illnesses, such as: typhus, cholera, and smallpox. None of the listed the Natives had immunity to. The spreading of these diseases led to massive amounts of death in Native communities that came in contact with settlers and explorers. This affected Natives for years to come as the generations built up immunity to them. With weakened tribes along the coast, settlers took the advantage while they could and expanded their settlements. Expansion led to the Natives losing precious farmland, sacred grounds, ritual sites, and valuable hunting territory. Effectively pushing Natives westward into surrounding tribe territories and creating more conflict. This also eventually led to more disease being spread amongst settlers and newer tribes. Newer and weakened tribes led to a greater lust for land amongst settlers, bringing about fights over who has the more effective weapon: bow and arrow or the rifle? Early rifles, although powerful, weren’t very reliable. Natives had a better sense of aim with their bow and arrows, and even with weak numbers this helped them a lot with conflicts with pushy settlers. Over time, rifles became more advanced and readily made. This changed warfare and hunting in favor of the settlers. Eventually, as land lust died down this became a very important trade item between settlers and natives. Trade was a big deal between settlers and natives from the beginning. Natives taught the settlers how to grow their crops and where to hunt. They even gave some of their crops to the settlers just getting on their feet until they had established enough of their own. In return, settlers introduced newer crops and

Academia and Text Matching Software Essay Example for Free

Academia and Text Matching Software Essay ? Critically evaluate the use of text matching software as an aid to developing good scholarship practice Introduction Academic dishonesty such as plagiarism has been a major factor in education that has affected students’ success and academic achievements in recent years. Plagiarism according to Park (2003) is the act of appropriating or copying another person’s work and passing them on as one’s idea without acknowledging the original source. Park (2003) noted that plagiarism is a growing problem and has been a misuse of the writings of another author, their ideas, hypothesis, theories, research findings and interpretations. Furthermore studies by Chao, Wilhelm and Neureuther (2009) emphasised that the rising trend of plagiarism among students can be attributed to several factors such as academic literacy, language competence and the technological advancements in the world today in terms of high speed internet facility available in hostels and computer labs. These factors according to Chao, Wilhelm and Neureuther (2009) has enhanced the ability of students to plagiarise a whole assignment by obtaining papers on the internet relating to their assignments which is as easy as copying and pasting. Park (2003) stated that students have different perceptions towards plagiarism. He noted that students view plagiarism as a minor offence which is different from cheating in exams. He further discovered that plagiarism could be unintentional (ibid). This is because some students possess a mental illusion in which they believe they have produced something from their own perspective while infact they are reproducing something which they have read from another author. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the effect of text matching software as an aid to developing good scholarship practice. This paper will begin by briefly describing what good scholarship practise is. In addition the use of text matching software for detecting good scholarship practice will be critically discussed and a conclusion will be made based on the evaluation. Good scholarship practice can be referred to as a formal study which involves academic learning and achievement. It involves acknowledging where information used to support ideas in a particular context is gotten and citing the sources (Locke and Latham, 2009). Britag and Mahmud (2009) pointed out that different strategies whichinclude the use of electronic software tools such as turnitin have been derived for detecting plagiarism with the intent of allowing students’ take responsibility of their learning and also work hand in hand with their tutors in the drafting stages of their assignments. According to Britag and Mahmud (2009) manual detection of plagiarism is difficult because it is time consuming and this is the reason why some tutors are reluctant in pursuing potential cases of plagiarism. However both the manual method of plagiarism detection and the electronic text matching method should be employed (Britag and Mahmud, 2009). Scaife (2007) argued that the electronic text matching software is not the solution to eliminating plagiarism because the software only focuses on text matching of paper under review with documents (journals, articles, e-books and conference papers) found on the internet or which has been previously submitted and this is a limitation because the only detection are focused on electronic materials without considering some non-electronic paper based documents which could still be plagiarised. Walker (2010) stated that with the development of text matching software such as the turnitin plagiarism detection was made easier, however he emphasised that the turnitin detection software is not 100 per cent efficient, it merely identifies and matches materials present in a document uploaded to turnitin website to materials available on the internet. Walker (2010) describes the electronic text matching software as a tool only suitable for detecting word for word or direct plagiarism in electronic form and the refined ones from the paper based sources are not easily detected. Moreover Carroll and Appleton (2001) argued that the turnitin is just an option for measuring plagiarism and that alone cannot be used as a basis for judging good scholarship practice. In addition Carroll and Appleton (2001) insist that the use of electronic software for detecting plagiarism requires human application and interpretation and that using turnitin alone as a medium for plagiarism detection is not proficient. According to Barrett and Malcolm (2006) the electronic text matching software (turnitin) only indicates possible plagiarism without any certainty, it is left to the tutor to determine the extent to which the writer has plagiarised or included some sources in the paper without acknowledging where they were acquired. In conclusion the concept of plagiarism cannot be overemphasised. It has become a factor that has affected good academic scholarship practice and has  created an avenue for educators to develop methods for detecting and dealing with plagiarism. The development of the electronic detection software such as the turnitin has enhanced the detection of plagiarism however it cannot be relied upon completely because it is not effective. In addition it is important to understand that the best way to detect plagiarism is to use both the manual method which involves educators and the use of electronic text matching software such as turnitin. Students could also be assisted in understanding the criteria for academic writing such as the code of conducts which requires them to acknowledge any source from where data is derived when writing academically. References Barrett, R. & Malcolm, J. (2006) ‘Embedding plagiarism education in the assessment process’, International Journal for Educational Integrity, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 38-45. Bretag, T. and Mahmud, S. (2009) ‘A model for determining student plagiarism: Electronic detection and academic judgement. ‘, Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 50-60. Chao, C. , Wilhelm, W. J. , Neureuther, B. D. (2009. ) ‘A Study of Electronic Detection and Pedagogical Approaches for Reducing Plagiarism’, The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 31-42. Carroll, J. and Appleton, J. (2001), Plagiarism: A good practice guide, Oxford: Oxford Brookes University. Locke, E. A, Latham, G. P (2009) ‘Has Goal Setting Gone Wild, or Have Its Attackers Abandoned Good Scholarship? ‘, The Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp.  17-23. Park, C. (2003). ‘In Other (People’s) Words: plagiarism by university students—literature and lessons’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 472-488. Scaife, B (2007) IT Consultancy Plagiarism Detection Software Report for JISC Advisory Service. [Online].

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals happened in U.S Essay

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals happened in U.S companies or financial insitutions - Essay Example At the same time, the Lehman Brothers reduced assets on the left side of the company’s statement of financial position. The Lehman Brothers also systematically used the repos to finance some projects. Instead of reporting that the repos were used for financing reasons, the Lehman Brothers disclosed the repos as asset sales to mislead investors (Elliott and Treanor 5). This allowed the Lehman Brothers to use the proceeds gained from the repo to reduce its leverage right just before the reporting period. By September 2008, the repo proceeds had reached $50 billion resulting in bankruptcy. The investigators were amazed to learn that this amount was even more than the bonds that were due at the time General Motors went bankrupt the previous year. The repo proceeds were also comparable to the gross domestic product of Switzerland in 2008. Amazingly, the top executives of the company then, including its CEO Dick Fuld denied any knowledge of the company’s use of Repo 105 (Elli ott and Treanor 5). It was also amazing that Ernst & Young, the leading audit firm for the company gave unqualified report without noting the misstatements in the company’s books of account.... From the analysis of the case, it became apparent that the company’s top executives made serious errors of business judgments, which ought not to have occurred. For instance, it was unethical for the top executives of the company to mislead investors of the real picture of the company by manipulating the balance sheet. As earlier indicated, the Lehman Brothers tried to stop its demise by falsifying the balance sheet to deceive investors about its true financial picture. This was unethical act, which executives ought to avoid. The company’s financial statement is very important since it shows investors how the company is performing, which also influence their investment decisions (Goldmann and Hilton 21). According to the accounting and auditing standards, the top executives of the company were supposed to report the real financial position of the company. The Lehman Brothers also breached the corporate governance and management ethics by using Repo 105 to manipulate its balance sheet. In this regard, we realize from the case that the Lehman Brothers diverted $50 billion of its toxic assets from its balance sheet in the early 2008 rather than disposing of the repos and reporting the same at a loss. After doing so, Wolff observed that the lack of strong internal control allowed the Lehman Brothers to treat the repo 105 transaction as proceeds instead of financing (2). To make matters worse, the chief financial officer was found to have sent emails indicating that repo 105 should be used to reduce liabilities in the statement of financial position of the country. This was indeed a serious breach of accounting principle. In addition, the top executives of the company failed to disclose the repo 105 to the rating agencies,

Assess security risks to Georgia (Republic of) Essay

Assess security risks to Georgia (Republic of) - Essay Example Georgia was not important to them because it does not serve their national interests. International groups like the League of Nations and Second Socialist International, that are supportive of Georgia’s goal to create a social democracy and are responsible for promoting and preserving peace all over the world, were not strong enough to stop the plans of the Soviet Union to break the independence of Georgia through force (He & Feng, 2012). This essay analyses security risks of Georgia. The politics in Caucasus was not good and harmful to Georgia. The military of Georgia, who were not united, not trained, and have very few resources, were always involved in battles, like border fights and civil wars. These battles showed the problems of Georgia’s national security. And these national security problems were worsened by lack of economic help from other countries, lack of revenues, unskilled public servants, bad communication and transportation, and very hard economic problems (MacFarlane, 2012). Georgia is still in a very difficult situation in terms of security because it has to give information or warnings about security risks without stopping or badly affecting the economy. Creating a strong economy and democracy in a weak or risky country is a main problem for Georgia. While Georgia tries to build democracy, the risk of regional conflict or problem affects all over Georgia and could be made happen by some happenings. This could be one more Russian military attack because of preventing a possible Georgian attack on the occupied South Ossetia and Abkhazia, helping Russian minority groups, giving supplies to Russian military headquarters in Armenia, or fighting terrorism (CSIS, 2006). Russia is being ready to get involved its military in the South Caucasus if fighting occurred in facilities with nuclear weapons from Iran. The reason

Investigation on finding the Molar Mass of Butane Essay Example for Free

Investigation on finding the Molar Mass of Butane Essay Aim: To find the molar mass of butane, by finding the number of moles of gas in the container and comparing it to the mass of butane in the container Theory Butane (C4H10), also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. Its only other isomer is methylpropane: CH(CH3)3. It is an organic compound which belongs to the alkane group or organic compounds. It is a highly flammable, colourless and odorless gas at r. t.p. this, along with the fact that is an easily liquedified gas, is why it is used in lighters as a fuel. Its Relative Molecular Mass is 58.12g, and it is barely soluble in water like most organic compounds: 0.0061 g/100 cm3, at 20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. In the experiment we shall find the mass of butane by calculating the change in mass of the lighter before and after the experiment. We shall find the number of moles in the container by finding the volume, pressure and temperature of butane inside the container, and then use the formula PV = nRT (where P: Absolute Pressure measured in millibars, V: Volume of gas measured in dm3,T: absolute temperature in Kelvin, and R is the universal gas constant, which equals to 83.14472 dm3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½mbarà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½K-1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½mol-1). Since we could not measure the temperature or pressure inside the container, we measured the atmospheric pressure and temperature. We assumed that if we waited for enough time, the temperature inside the container will be equal to the atmospheric temperature. Secondly, the atmospheric temperature = pressure inside the container and the pressure exerted by the column of water. The pressure exerted by the column of water = mgh. [Reference: www.wikipedia.com] Prediction I feel that the mass of one mole of butane will be approximately 58, as this is the RMM of Butane (correct to 0 d.p.). Apparatus * Lighter (filled with Butane) * Water * Trough * Digital Thermometer [à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C] * Top-pan balance [à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01g] * Burette [à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.05 cm3] * Pressure Gauge [à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5mb] * Meter Rule [à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0005m] * Table showing Vapour Pressure of water at various Temperatures Modifications to Method * We dipped the lighter in water before any of the trials, and then dried it using ethanol in an attempt to reduce the margin of error in the mass reading due to water droplets sticking the lighter. * The Burette was filled completely with water. * We did not take the final volume reading when the level of water in the burette was equal level with the water in the trough. Instead, we measured the height of the water column above the level of water in the trough. * We found the volume of water between the tip of the cylinder and the 0cm3, and included that in our calculations of the volume of water. Fair Test * After every trial, we dipped the lighter in ethanol and then shook it to dry to ensure that was minimal inaccuracy in the mass reading due to water droplets sticking to the lighter. However, it is impossible to get rid of all the water droplets. Therefore we dipped the lighter in water and dried it using ethanol before any tests in an attempt to ensure that the extra mass (though minimal) due to water droplets on the lighter remained constant throughout the experiment and thus could be ignored. * We filled the burette completely with water, to ensure that no gases were inside the burette before the trial, which would have affect the pressure readings. * The pressure inside the container is equal to the pressure due to butane and moisture. Using a table, we shall find the pressure due moisture, and subtract it from our pressure reading to get the pressure due to butane alone. * We waited a little which after the trail before measuring the air temperature to ensure that the temperature of butane inside the burette was the same. * We used water inside the burette since butane barely dissolves in water. * We removed the metal piece at the top of the lighter, as water droplets could easily stick to it. Also, it ensured that the butane could not catch fire. Safe Test * We removed the metal piece of the lighter, to ensure the butane could not catch fire. * We were careful while dipping the lighter in ethanol, not to release butane as ethanol is flammable. Conclusion In the experiment, when we opened the nozzle of the lighter, butane escaped from the lighter, causing a decrease in mass of the butane inside the lighter. The butane rose to the top of the burette, since butane is less dense than water. This caused the pressure at the top of the butane to be greater than the atmospheric pressure. Since liquids are mostly incompressible, the increase pressure at the top, created a force on the top of the water column, pushing it down. Hence the volume of gas (butane and vapour) inside the burette would increase, causing the pressure of gas to decrease until it is equal to the atmospheric pressure. This process kept on occuring as more and more bubbles of butane and moisture reached the top, hence at the end of each trial the pressure inside the burrrete can be estimated to be equal to the atmospheric pressure. From the graph, it has been calculated that the RMM of butane is 53.946à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½60.2% using the formulae RMM = mass/n and pV= nRT. There are no anomalies, since the graph passes through the error bars of all 4 points. Evaluation In the experiment, the accuracy is fairly high as the experimental value for the RMM of butane is 54, while in theory it is 58.12 (percentage error of only 7.089%), which shows that very few systematic error occured during the experiment. This is also shown by the fact that the y-intercept is 0.0125, which is very close to 0, showing an almost completely proportional relationship between mass and n. Regarding the precision of error, the margin of error has been calculated as 60.2% and is far to high, resulting in a poor precision. However the experiment was more precise than this value of 60.2% shows it to be, because from the graph one can see that all the points lie close to the line of best fit. In the experiment, various errors could have occured, such as: Systematic Errors: * Error in readings of pressure due to high uncertainty. Random Errors: * The pressure due to the water column has no been taken into consideration. * We are assuming that the temperature inside the burette is equal to atmospheric pressure, which may not be true. * Water droplets may have still stuck to the lighter, causing an error in mass. To reduce the margin of error we could have: * Calculated the pressure exerted do to the water column, and subtracted it from the atmospheric pressure to find the pressure inside the container. * Taken a larger container than a burrette, so that we could release more butane and cause a larger change in mass, so that the uncertainty of 0.01g would have a smaller affect on the margin of error. * Used a seperate lighter for each trial, eliminating the error caused due to water droplets clinging to the sides of the lighter.

emma :: essays research papers

Author  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Austen Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emma Publisher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyman’s Library Cop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  London. 1991   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First published in 1816 Motto  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book does not have a motto. I chose this book because I read Pride and Prejudice and I absolutely loved it. My mother told me Jane Austen wrote another book like it called ‘Emma’, and I decided to try it. I expected the story to be about the life of a young woman from the middle or rich upper-class living in England in the 19th century. This is also why I chose the book; I’m really interested in that time and the way people were then. Short summary After her beloved governess, Miss Taylor, leaves Hartfield to become Mrs. Weston, Emma Woodhouse finds herself in need of a friend. The answer is Harriet Smith, a girl of questionable origins whom Emma decides to improve. Emma sets Harriet up with Mr. Elton and she is very surprised when Mr. Elton reveals that he loves her, not Harriet. Emma, offended at the idea, refuses him. Then the son of Mr. Weston, Frank Churchill, arrives in town. The Westons secretly hope he and Emma will become attached. Emma is at first attracted to the handsome young man, but she loses interest after his first visit. The Eltons return to town, and Emma and Harriet must suffer under the vain and self-important Mrs. Elton When Frank Churchill returns Emma imagines that Harriet would be a much better match for the young man. At a ball, however, Emma is the one who dances with Mr.Churchill and Harriet dances with Mr. Knightley. Not much later Mrs. Weston reveals to Emma that Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax had been secretly attached and are now engaged. Emma reassures them that she does not love Frank Churchill, but she fears for Harriet. Harriet is not distressed by the news. She does not love Mr. Churchill, she is in love with Mr. Knightley. Hearing this makes Emma realize that she loves Mr. Knightley too. Uncertain what to do, Emma sends Harriet away, to give herself time to think. During her absence, Mr. Knightley returns from London, fearing how Emma will handle the news of Frank Churchill's engagement. Finding her undisturbed and not in love, Mr. Knightley tells Emma he loves her, and she returns his love. Emma's only worry now is how Harriet will react when Emma tells her she is engaged to Mr. Knightley, but luckily the worrying doesn’t last long. Harriet meets Mr. emma :: essays research papers Author  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Austen Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emma Publisher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyman’s Library Cop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  London. 1991   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First published in 1816 Motto  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book does not have a motto. I chose this book because I read Pride and Prejudice and I absolutely loved it. My mother told me Jane Austen wrote another book like it called ‘Emma’, and I decided to try it. I expected the story to be about the life of a young woman from the middle or rich upper-class living in England in the 19th century. This is also why I chose the book; I’m really interested in that time and the way people were then. Short summary After her beloved governess, Miss Taylor, leaves Hartfield to become Mrs. Weston, Emma Woodhouse finds herself in need of a friend. The answer is Harriet Smith, a girl of questionable origins whom Emma decides to improve. Emma sets Harriet up with Mr. Elton and she is very surprised when Mr. Elton reveals that he loves her, not Harriet. Emma, offended at the idea, refuses him. Then the son of Mr. Weston, Frank Churchill, arrives in town. The Westons secretly hope he and Emma will become attached. Emma is at first attracted to the handsome young man, but she loses interest after his first visit. The Eltons return to town, and Emma and Harriet must suffer under the vain and self-important Mrs. Elton When Frank Churchill returns Emma imagines that Harriet would be a much better match for the young man. At a ball, however, Emma is the one who dances with Mr.Churchill and Harriet dances with Mr. Knightley. Not much later Mrs. Weston reveals to Emma that Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax had been secretly attached and are now engaged. Emma reassures them that she does not love Frank Churchill, but she fears for Harriet. Harriet is not distressed by the news. She does not love Mr. Churchill, she is in love with Mr. Knightley. Hearing this makes Emma realize that she loves Mr. Knightley too. Uncertain what to do, Emma sends Harriet away, to give herself time to think. During her absence, Mr. Knightley returns from London, fearing how Emma will handle the news of Frank Churchill's engagement. Finding her undisturbed and not in love, Mr. Knightley tells Emma he loves her, and she returns his love. Emma's only worry now is how Harriet will react when Emma tells her she is engaged to Mr. Knightley, but luckily the worrying doesn’t last long. Harriet meets Mr.

Politics and the English Language Analysis

â€Å"Above all, we cannot play ducks and drakes with a native battery of idioms which prescribes egregious collocations of vocables as the Basic put up with for tolerate, or put at a loss for bewilder . â€Å" This passage is written by Professor Lancelot Hogben(located on pg. ___ , the second example) This is shown as a prime example of bad writing habits which are identified in George Orwell’s essay. This passage shows examples of dead metaphors, the problems with putting implicit words that confuse the reader, and the sheer unwillingness to look up proper meanings of certain words such as egregious. As you can see our presentation is about the essay â€Å"Politics and the English Language†. This essay classifies the bad writing habits in modern English as opposed to the traditional style. We would first like to start off with a quiz to check the class’s general knowledge of the classesIf you could not identify any examples of slang and bad writing habits it would be smart to listen to what were going to talk about. George Orwell writes about the traditional style of English, and the connection between language and action. Orwell discusses the problems of Modern English and the slow spread of vagueness in writing. In this essay the thesis was explicit; it stated that the English language is in a decline and that modern English of full of bad writing habits which are spread by imitation. In this paper Orwell identifies different errors that writers generally make as his subtopics such as dying metaphors, operator or verbal false limbs, pretentious diction and meaningless words. The first sub-topic talks about dead metaphors. The method of development for this sub-topic is cause and effect. Dead metaphors show that writers are becoming lazy with metaphors; they use old pre-made metaphors so they don’t have to invent new ones. This causes writers to use metaphors in the wrong context and never have a chance to express their own imagery. Also these metaphors are not precise enough and produce vagueness in the written work which shows the writer might not be interested in what he is writing. Now the second sub topic is about operators or verbal false limbs. The method of development for this paragraph is cause. Operators and verbal false limbs show that writers are using words for filler in order to make the sentence balance with no thought about meaning and they. This means that the passive is always being used instead of the active which is wrong. The third subtopic is about pretentious diction. The method of development for this paragraph is cause and effect. Pretentious diction occurs when writers are using words that have no strong purpose. They are interchangeable and have no strong tone. A good example of pretentious diction is Marxist writing. Marxist writing is when words are improperly derived from German, Russian, or French. The fourth and final subtopic in this paper is meaningless words. The method of development for this paper is effect. Meaningless words are when writers using larger words with more syllables in their text, but are more unclear than their more simple words they are replacing. So now were going to go on about the tone in this essay. The tones expressed in this essay were feelings of assertiveness and bitterness. Orwell was self assured that what he was writing was true in our society and was bitter about the downfall of the English language. In this essay we found three examples of negative connotative diction. The first example of negative connotative diction was found when Orwell stated in paragraph four which states that â€Å"Each of these passages has faults of its own, but, quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them. The first is staleness of imagery; the other is lack of precision. † In this passage he chooses to use the word â€Å"Staleness† to show the negativity. The second Example of negative connotative diction comes from paragraph five where its written that â€Å"But in between these two classes there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves. In this case Orwell decides to use the word dump instead of â€Å"amount† or another word of positive diction. The third example of negative connotative diction is also found again in paragraph 5 when Orwell states â€Å"In real life it is always the anvil that breaks the hammer, never the other way about: a writer who stopped to think what he was saying would avoid perverting the original phrase. † In this case Orwell decides to use perverting to show his disgust for what the writer is doing when he is demonstrating an example of a dead metaphor. In this essay we found two good examples of figurative images. The first figurative image can be found on pg. 348, where it says â€Å"It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to airplanes. † This image is a simile working with the subject of the struggle against abuse of language. This is a figurative image because it makes an abstract comparison of language to preferring candles to electric light. The second figurative image we found was on pg 355, where it says â€Å"In (4), the writer knows more or less what he wants to say, but an accumulation of stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink. † This is also a simile working with the subject of stale phrases. This is a figurative image because it makes this image with tea leaves blocking a sink, and in real life there is no correlation between tea leaves and choking. .

International Organisations and their role in environmental protection Essay

Our planet has become a risk society; being exposed to the disastrous efforts as a result of the harm caused by humans. There are several risks with varying magnitude and severity such as the natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunami, tornado etc. and man-made disasters such as biological weapons, nuclear programme and so forth. Ulrich Beck, the German anthropologist intimates that the above mentioned factors indicate a world risk society. Natural hazards are existential threats to the entire human lives. Rising or falling sea level can remold the world’s coastlines and seashores and most of the densely populated areas on earth will be affected as a result. There is a drastic change in the behavior and rhythm of the sea that the uniformity of the sea which was found previously is terribly missing now. The living beings in these coastal areas would be going for a task; it affects the agricultural fields and extends to a level of causing great damage to cities across the coastal areas. As per the reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the coastal regions inclusive of mangroves, reefs and several other regions are on high risk. Another alarming effect is the greenhouse effect. The role of Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen nitride are proportionately high when relatively compared to the other greenhouse gases. Reports from IPCC confirm an anticipated response in proportion to the rapid increase in greenhouse gases. The overall effect is observed to increase the temperature of atmosphere, precipitation and evaporation rates. Rising ocean levels and relative changes in the atmosphere are additional effects. Another relevant effect which is thrown in lime light is global warming- a rapid increase in the temperature of earth’s atmosphere (in simple words the air we breathe) due to the blockage of the earth’s radiation, that reflects back from the surface of the earth, caused by the formation of a blanket like layer from the excessive emission of hazardous gases such as Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen nitride. This is also the reason for acid rain; due to the hazardous contamination of clouds with these gases the rain gets polluted and returns to the earth in the form of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and so on. All the above mentioned effects have led to the depletion of a huge diameter of ozone especially in Australia and according to the reports it continues to expand. The practice of nuclear energy testing and the dumping of nuclear waste has led to change in the demographic position of tectonic plates which was the main reason for tsunami and earthquakes in India, Indonesia and the other coastal regions. It is important to be reminded that the disaster has caused a huge death toll. In addition to the existing hazards, there are so many pandemic diseases such as SARS, bird flu, swine flu and other diseases that have targeted several countries, leading to a significant death toll. International Organisations Every individual has started giving a thought about the environmental protection and preservation of energy. They are worried that the next generation would be left empty with nothing in reserve for survival. Environmental protection has become every country’s concern in today’s world. In their attempt to preserve environment from further deterioration of environment, the states push off the economical cost to be borne by someone or the other, walking away with whatever benefit that could be incurred in the attempt. We are running on high risk with clear evidences such as hole in the Ozone layer, fast melting of icebergs, global warming and many natural havocs which are a result of exceeded exploitation of nature by human. The forthcoming natural hazards would be even worse beyond the imagination of human brain. Many International organisations such as World Meteorological Organisation, UNEP, UNDP and IPCC have played a major role in the protection of environment. UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (shortly recognized as DOALAS) is the secretariat of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). DOALAS in coordination with UNCLOS assists, advices and submits reports on the marine resources, ecosystem and environment. Similarly the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) – established in 1902; an International Organisation attributed to the protection and preservation of the living beings and to maintain a check on the ecological balance of the North Atlantic Sea. The report also includes the rate of contamination and the source of contamination. This guides them to decide on the steps to curtail preventable contamination if any. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) – an association formed to create awareness on the issues of environmental hazards, the causes of the environmental hazards and eventually to raise voice against the industrial sectors or individual accountable for environmental degradation. When the depletion of ozone layer was brought into limelight by the American scientists, UNEP and few NGOs volunteered to make a consolidated effort to build awareness among public through public awareness programmes. In response to the bourgeoning harmful effects of climate change, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) came up with a group that would focus entirely on various scientific and socio-economic contributions geared towards understanding environmental and resource degradation brought about by climate change. This notable body was called Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Its main objective is to get the perspective of different scientists and other professionals from all over the world in order to touch all facets of causes and effects of climate change. Through this way, concrete actions could be taken based on the reports released by the intergovernmental body. According to the Global Environment Outlook 1 (UNEP Report, 1997), there has been a remarkable progress with regards to the implementation of biodiversity, climate and desertification conventions; however, there is still a visible lack of urgency present from across the globe. These reports which consist of environmental issues would be nothing if the society continuously fails to recognize the implications of their actions towards nature. Environmental progress in an international level could only be met if strong governmental structure and environmental unity would be strictly imposed on all regions of economic development. European Environmental Agency was established in 1990; aimed at consistent development and record maintenance on the improvements in Europe’s environment. They conduct periodical meeting and exchange information on the report submitted to know the real condition of the environment. They also established European environment information and observation network (Eionet) to provide a coordinated effort towards the protection of environment and preservation of resources. They form a group of 27 EU member countries which is inclusive of Turkey, Liechtenstein, Iceland, Switzerland and Norway Just recently, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) released their report entitled â€Å"Signals 2009† which highlights the primary environmental issues confronting Europe. One of the most impacting challenges of Europe is the sustenance of water in certain regions experiencing the blow of climate change. Some of the regions such as Cyprus and Turkey have been experiencing calamitous drought over the past few years which is why the water demand continuous to increase in an annual basis. In response to this trend, EEA recommends the need for adaptation and climate change mitigation in order to lessen the emissions of greenhouse gases within Europe. Governmental policies on adaptation also call for concrete projects that would tap the necessary resources in order to store and supply enough water for the people (Signals, 2009, p. 11). Nevertheless, the Signals 2009 Report covered fascinating yet informative depictions of what will become of our planet if none of these highly suggested plans of action were realized by the end of this year. Another enlightening and results-driven undertaking rose in October 2008 and it was managed by the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP). This program wanted to veer away from the regional impact of climate change. It would rather focus on building an all-in-one package that would support the way nations govern their society as well as incorporate earth friendly systems in their future developmental plans. The scheme deemed necessary to build the Earth System Governance Project which aims â€Å"to engage more and more actors who seek to strengthen the current architecture of institutions and networks at local and global level† (Earth System Governance Organization, 2008, p. ). More so, this project finds it important to concentrate on five specific aspects that would form the structure and content of their science plan, and these are: architecture, agency, adaptiveness, accountability and allocation and access. All the same, they have integrated the themes of power, knowledge, norms and scale into their agenda in order to strengthen the formulation and implementation of their analysis on massive environmental pr oblems hitting our planet today. Though it is a politically-driven concept, it aspires, nonetheless, to create a globally regarded research network where every country can benefit from the projects and breakthroughs done by concerned scientists. The Role of United Nations UNEP conducted an international conference in Washington in 1977 with the issuance of World plan of Action for the Ozone layer and an Ad Hoc working party was formed to be in charge of the issue. The working party was constituted of environmental experts from 22 countries, eventually they submit a report of all the negotiations at the end of the ever year. The Toronto Group (IO formed by USA, Canada and Scandinavian countries) pinpointed the increased release of CFC from EU. EU refused to agree to reduce the production of CFC by using the lapse that there was no evidence to prove the connection between ozone depletion and CFC. Eventually in 1985, Vienna convention was established. It is an agreement signed by most of the European countries and the objective is to acknowledge the efforts to protect ozone layer and to cooperate to protect the layer. The UNEP along with the Toronto Group conducted marathons for public awareness and various conferences to insist the reduction of CFC by a significant proportion say 95%, but the EU agreed to reduce it only by 50% in 1999 due to the pressure from Germany. Yet the developing countries and small countries were under tremendous pressure as the reduced production of CFC would affect their growth, eventually they agreed to reduce it to a great extent as much as 300 grams per capita. In 2000, EU joined 81 states and showed an active participation in ban the production of CFC. The developing countries were guaranteed financial aids to assist the reduced production of CFC. The USA and Japan was slowly backing out with its slowing of the process whereas EU was very concerned and it continued till 2004, until the issues were resolved and the countries agreed to stop the production of CFC completely. There were a number of treaties such as Vienna convention of 1985, the Montreal Protocol of 1987, the Amendments of London (1990), Copenhagen(1992), Vienna(1995), Montreal (1997) and Beijing (1999) (www. nep. org/ozone/index. asp) regarding the fund allocation and technical assistance. World Bank, UNEP and UNDP played a major role in allocation of funds to execute Montreal Protocol. In the context of dealing with transboundary environmental issues, UNEP and WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) played a major role in the formation of Coordinating committee on the Ozone Layer (CCOL). The objective of the committee was to create awareness and to spread the pros an d cons of Ozone depletion. Later with the help of the scientists they were able to discover the fact that the reduced production of CFC will contribute towards the decelerated depletion of Ozone perhaps would not stop the depletion completely. The Ozone was measured by the US space agency NASA, the connection between the CFC emancipation and the depletion in the Ozone layer was also proved. Conclusion Global environmental issues have always been an issue of concern since there were no coordinated efforts from the International organisations. As a result, the continued efforts to preserve Mother Nature from the industrialist countries and developing countries have not been successful down the years. The industrialised countries were concerned about their growth and in the process failed to realise hazardous effect that was caused in turn. The most prudent effort of an International organisation purely depends on the way it deals with the political and technical accords. Several times their attempt to convince the developing countries and capitalistic countries was in vain. Most of the times the International Organisations are driven by the politics of the global economy and that is the major cause for a biased decision making. Nations which follow the ideologies of capitalism and socialism, both followed paths to develop their countries at the cost of exploiting the environment and causing maximum utilization of available resources. The major reason for such an unorganised work style, according to liberalists, is due to the lack of global governance.

Inventory Policy Example

Inventory Policy Example Inventory Policy – Essay Example Inventory policy Task: Wal-Mart seeks to provide its clientele with products at reduced prices. This means that the entity has to reduce its cost. Thus, enabling the entity to provide its consumers with merchandise at lower prices and maintain its profitability margin since the entity is profit motivated. Wal-Mart stores replicate the inventory policy provided by the central management. This has ensured consistency in the operations of the entity. Wal-Mart is the top retailing body internationally. Consequently, this write up will refer to one of its stores in California. Wal-Mart sells diverse goods. Therefore, the entity’s inventory policy varies depending on the nature of the merchandise, accessibility of warehouses and the accord with the supplier (SAS Publishing, 2006). Wal-Mart supercenter 7011 Main Street is the reference retail store that this write-up will utilize to tackle inventory policy. This store sells an enormous quantity of goods. From their data, it is tricky to determine the various stock levels. However, what is evident is that the purchasing rate and the nature of commodity have central implications on the inventory policy of Wal-Mart supercentre. For a commodity that is in demand, the store maintains a relatively higher stock level. This prevents rampant incidences of stock-out that would have negative implications on Wal-Mart supercentre. If the commodity is perishable, the entity will take a cautious approach in making purchases since the entity seeks to eliminate any losses that result from purchases. This means that such a product will have a low stock level. Additionally, such a commodity would have minimal safety stock. Conversely, commodities that are first moving have considerably greater safety stocks. This eliminates any c hances of stock-out (Wu, 2008). It is worth noting that Wal-Mart operates on an exceedingly strict inventory policy. As such, the entity fines any supplier that delivers goods earlier or past the delivery period stated in the supply agreement. The strict policy ensures that stores such as Wal-Mart supercenter do not incur needless expenses. A Wal-Mart supercenter manager reveals that the inventory policy is critical as the outlet receives an enormous volume of supplies. As such, it is crucial to guarantee that the store receives the right quantity of purchases at the appropriate time. Furthermore, Wal-Mart supercenter’s inventory policy has enabled the entity to manage its holding space. Stores incur holding cost for stock held. Therefore, Wal-Mart supercenter inventory policy enables the entity to manage its holding cost by establishing appropriate re-order levels for each commodity. Establishing a re-order level will require Wal-Mart supercenter to consider the lead-time, which is the time that the supplie r requires to make a delivery. Consideration of lead-time is critical as it ensures that the store does not suffer stock-out before arrival of suppliers (Ahiska, 2008). Wal-Mart supercenter’s inventory policy is complex since the entity deals in diverse products. Thus, it is challenging to state all the stock levels of the goods in the entity. However, this write-up elaborates the assorted factors that determine the inventory policy. Such factors include the nature of commodity, lead-time, the rate at which consumer purchase the product and the purchase agreements. Wal-Mart Supercenter has integrated applications that manage its inventory based on the above factors. References Ahiska, S. (2008). Inventory optimization in a one product recoverable manufacturing system. North Carolina, NA: North Carolina State University Press. SAS Publishing, (2006). SAS(R) Inventory Optimization 1.3: Users Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Publishing. Xinmin, W. (2008). Inventory Policies under Uncertain Supply Chain Environment. North Carolina, NA: North Carolina State University Press.

Interpersonal Film Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interpersonal Film Paper - Essay Example Lorelai’s parents, who are seen to be quiet different than her never let her forget how much trouble she was in her early years. She therefore lives independently with Rory, however eventually she turns for their financial help in order to give Rory the best education. The show revolves around the communication and the lack thereof between the characters which leads them to a number of situations, good and bad. It depicts how Lorelai while still leaving room for her daughter to make mistakes, continues to make so many of her own. The series runs for 7 seasons all of which portray to the audience the drama of these dynamic women at their prime as well as their downfalls. It shows that how no matter what happens in their lives, the basic fact that they will always have each other, and this is what Lorelai and Rory Gilmore are all about. One of the major propellant of the ‘Gilmore girls story, as far as communication is concerned is closely associated to the aspect of American class. Firstly it is important to mention that American culture being categorized as low-context where the communication style has most of the information incorporated into a message with the need for detailed background information for social interaction (Hall, 1973). Lorelai, despite being born and raised in a wealthy atmosphere is seen to have left her home with her child at the age of seventeen. She moved to Stars Hollow and started a new life working her way up from a job as a maid at the Independence Inn to being a manager there years later. Being privileged instead of making her feel comfortable and safe made her feel repressed and controlled. The defining reason for this disparity and gap between her and her parents was due to poor communication which leads to widening the gap between them, one which already was undeniable due to very different

Financial data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial data analysis - Essay Example A clear linear relationship is not evident, which could be an indicator that WHEATHD is a poor predictor of WHEATSF. Figure 1: the plot of WHEATSF against WHEATHD Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Change Statistics R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change 1 .421a .177 .174 27.2183 .177 53.344 1 248 .000 Table1: Model regression summary Table 1 above presents a summary of the regression summary. From this, adjusted R squared is 0.17, a figure that is very small indicating that the model is not very good in predicting the dependent variable as it is highly subject to chance rather than statistical relationship between the two variables. However, the p-value is less than 0.01, an indicator that the model is statistically significant, or rather we have enough evidence to assert that WHEATHD has some predictive power on WHEATSF. Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 500.582 24.519 2 0.416 .000 WHEATHD(P) -.443 .061 -.421 -7.304 .000 Table 2: a. Dependent Variable: WHEATSF(P) Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 532.035 17.694 30.069 .000 WHEATSF(P) -.400 .055 -.421 -7.304 .000 Table 3: a. ... itable statistical technique to use, but I surmounted this by examining the expected outcome to decide on the best method (Hyndman and Koehler, 2006). PART II In this part, 1- 250 sample values are used to forecast the subsequent 11 values. Using excel to forecast In using excel spreadsheets to do the forecast, we highlight the raw data and insert the scatter plot. Then, we insert the trend line in the scatter plot and subsequently format it to include the trend line equation. The trend line equation is then used to substitute the values of x for the 11 series periods that are sampled for prediction. The following table shows the values of x and the substituted values y. Y=532.03-0.4x x Y (Forecasted) Actual 308.5 408.63 443 311.5 407.43 446.5 314.5 406.23 450 313.5 406.63 447 319.5 404.23 451.5 324.5 402.23 451.5 324.5 402.23 451.5 333.5 398.63 461.25 337.5 397.03 465.75 324.5 402.23 460.75 327.5 401.03 462.5 Sum 4436.53 4991.25 Figure 2: Excel scatter plot with the equation fitted in. Using eview The raw data for the prices are input in the software and a forecast generated automatically. The output, which is shown in figure 3, comes with a table with forecast errors already computed. The table alongside shows statistical arithmetic that is associated with this particular model, including a number of methods for calculating the forecasting errors. Figure 3: Forecast for 251 - 261 Sample Figure 4: graph before model 1forecast Figure 5: graph after model 1 forecast Forecast errors Forecast errors are the estimations of the probability that the results of the forecast deviates from the actual values. Fore example, looking at figures 4 and 5 of the first forecast model, it is clear how the forecast values differ slightly from the actual values. A number of errors that